how old was darwin when he left shrewsbury school

[133], Residence requirements kept Darwin in Cambridge till June. [148] Already he was anxious that he had not heard from Sedgwick, and when he investigated ship sailings he found that they were only available in certain months. . He kept sponges alive in glass jars for long term observation, and at night used his microscope by candle light to dissect specimens in a watch glass. [125], Charles had been sending records of the insects he had caught to the entomologist James Francis Stephens, and was thrilled when Stevens published about thirty of these records in Illustrations of British entomology; or, a synopsis of indigenous insects etc. Grant favoured Geoffroy's view that similarities showed "unity of form", similar to Lamarck's ideas. After Darwin graduated Christs College with a bachelor of arts degree in 1831, Henslow recommended him for a naturalists position aboard the HMS Beagle. Darwin, C. R. [Edinburgh notebook] CUL-DAR118. That summer, amongst horse riding and beetle collecting, Charles visited his cousin Fox, and this time Charles was teaching entomology to his older cousin. He dropped his drinking companions and resumed attending Henslow's Friday evening soires. What does it mean to have credibility as a leader? How old was Charles Darwin when he left Shrewsbury? The Royal Society award Darwin their Royal Medal for his work on barnacles. Darwin did not particularly enjoy school and found some of the work, like Latin and Greek, hard. He further proposed evolution by acquired characteristics, anticipating the theory later developed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. "[122] The Proctors had noted some faces in the mob, and four were rusticated and one fined for being out-of-gown and shouting abuse. [108], His tutors at Christ's College, Cambridge were to include Joseph Shaw in 1828, John Graham (in 1829 1830) and Edward John Ash in 1830 1831. [93], In notes dated 15 and 23 April, Darwin described specimens of the deep-water sea pens (from fishing boats), and on 23 April, "with Mr Coldstream at the black rocks at Leith", he saw a starfish doubled up, releasing its ova. [56][57] John Bird Sumner's Evidences of Christianity. I had previously read the Zonomia of my grandfather, in which similar views are maintained, but without producing any effect on me. At th The discovery of fossils of extinct species was explained by theories such as catastrophism. WITH the naive innocence which was part of the charm of his childlike character, Darwin was less than fair to his old school, Shrewsbury. The work was repugnant to me, chiefly from my not being able to see any meaning in the early steps in algebra. On the Isle of May with the botanist Robert Kaye Greville, this "eminent cryptogamist" laughed so much at screeching seabirds that he had to "lie down on the greensward to enjoy his prolonged cachinnation." Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. English: In 2000 a bronze statue of Charles Darwin as a young man was unveiled by Sir David Attenborough, and stands in front of Shrewsbury School's main building, mirroring a statue depicting Darwin in old age that stands in front of the Old Schools in the town. HMS Beagle: Darwins Trip around the World Charles Darwin sailed around the world from 18311836 as a naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle . Darwin discusses the epistemological frame of reference of his school, compared to the things he really wanted to learn: In the summer of 1818 I went to Dr. Butler's great school in Shrewsbury, and remained there for seven years till Midsummer 1825, when I was sixteen years old Around this time, he had an earnest conversation with John Herbert about going into Holy Orders, and asked him whether he could answer yes to the question that the Bishop would put in the ordination service, "Do you trust that you are inwardly moved by the Holy Spirit". Shrewsbury Old Salopians set to take on 3,000 mile rowing race for charity. Darwin became obsessed with winning the student accolade and collected avidly. Darwin now had breakfast every day with his older cousin William Darwin Fox. [62], The geology course gave Darwin a grounding in mineralogy and stratigraphy geology. Both families were largely Unitarian, though the Wedgwoods were adopting Anglicanism. How old was Darwin when he set sail on the Beagle? He therefore enrolled Charles at Christ's College, Cambridge in 1827 for a Bachelor of Arts degree as the qualification required before taking a specialised divinity course and becoming an Anglican parson. At 16, Darwin was sent to Edinburgh University to study medicine. [25] These lessons in taxidermy were with the freed black slave John Edmonstone, who also lived in Lothian Street. In 1831, when Darwin was just 22 years old, he set sail on a scientific expedition on a ship called the HMS Beagle. As with Cambridge University, God gave authority and assigned stations in life, misconduct was penalised and excellence bountifully rewarded. John Bird Summer wrote that Jesus's religion was "wonderfully suitable to our ideas of happiness in this & the next world" and there was "no other way of explaining the series of evidence & probability." In the summer Darwin paid visits to Squire Owen, and romance seemed to be blossoming with the squire's daughter Fanny. . Charles Darwin/Education. Who was Charles Darwins grandfather and what did he do? In the same year, Robert Chambers publishes Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, a popularisation of evolution theory. "[144] He ordered a clinometer, and on 11 July wrote to tell Henslow that it had arrived and he had tried it out in his bedroom. [14] They took up an introduction to a friend of their father, Dr. Hawley, who led them on a walk around the town. In October Charles returned on his own for his second year, and took smaller lodgings in a top flat at 21 Lothian Street. Darwin's Early Life. The Queens Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh18251827Shrewsbury School18181825 This name was proposed to ridicule another group whose Greek title meant "fond of dainties", but who dined out on "Mutton Chops, or Beans & Bacon". He writes a book, stripped of academic references and aimed at the reading public, called On the Origin of Species. On 16 March 1827 he noted in a new notebook that he had "Procured from the black rocks at Leith" a lumpfish, "Dissected it with Dr Grant". [22][23], At the end of January, Darwin wrote home that they had "been very dissipated", having dined with Dr. Hawley then gone to the theatre with a relative of the botanist Robert Kaye Greville. Where did Charles Darwin go to school as a child? [151] He had parted from Sedgwick by 20 August, and travelled via Ffestiniog. This upset Darwin's plans for a visit in the following year to Tenerife. My report is about a Marine scientist, English naturalist, geologist, and biologist named Charles Robert Darwin. (Darwin Online), Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, "The Mount House, Shrewsbury, England (Charles Darwin)", "Darwin Correspondence Project Letter 16 Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, R. W., (23 Oct 1825)", Lothian's plan of the city of Edinburgh and its vicinity, "Old and New Town of Edinburgh and Leith with the proposed docks", "The Rough Guide to Evolution: The evolutionary tourist in Edinburgh", "Darwin Correspondence Project Letter 20 Darwin, C. R. to Caroline Darwin, 6 January 1826", "Letter no. The circumnavigation of the globe would be the making of the 22-year-old Darwin. Today, the minister of St. Chad's is an enthusiastic supporter of the . Outraged by this leniency, the Proctors quit en masse and printed their resignation to post up around the colleges. Many species lived in the Firth of Forth, and Grant got winter use of Walford House, Prestonpans, with a garden gate in its high seawall leading to rock pools. The two and their dogs became inseparable. Darwin returned to Falmouth, England on October 2, 1836, and for the next few years he spent a lot of time cataloguing and recording what he had collected on the voyage. [82], Coldstream assisted Grant, and that winter Darwin joined the search, learning what to look for, and dissection techniques using a portable microscope. Christs College Cambridge18281831 As a young graduate, Henslow had geologised on the Isle of Wight and the Isle of Man, and he too had longed to visit Africa. [115][116] Extramural activities were important, and while Darwin did not take up sports or debating, his interests included music and his main passion was the current national craze for the (competitive) collecting of beetles. Darwin meets the geologist Lyell for the first time. [151] He was grieved to have received a message that Ramsay had died. ; . "[139] [91], Grant in his publication about the leech eggs in the Edinburgh Journal of Science for July 1827 acknowledged "The merit of having first ascertained them to belong to that animal is due to my zealous young friend Mr Charles Darwin of Shrewsbury", the first time Darwin's name appeared in print. Promote your business with effective corporate events in Dubai March 13, 2020 He put in some hard riding. During his summer holiday Charles read Zonomia by his grandfather Erasmus Darwin, which his father valued for medical guidance but which also proposed evolution by acquired characteristics. Henslow insisted that "he should be grieved if a single word was altered" and emphasised the need to respect authority. At this time the French king was deposed by middle class republicans and given refuge in England by the Tory government. [4][5], In July 1817 his mother died after the sudden onset of violent stomach pains and amidst the grief his older sisters had to take charge, with their father continuing to dominate the household whenever he returned from his doctor's rounds. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Early in 1817, soon after becoming eight years old, he started at the small local school run by a Unitarian minister, the Reverend George Case. [146], In mid June Darwin returned home to Shrewsbury, and continued "working like a tiger" for the Canary scheme, "at present Spanish & Geology, the former I find as intensely stupid, as the latter most interesting". Yet I feel sure that I was prepared for a philosophical treatment of the subject", and he had been delighted when he read an explanation for erratic boulders. The book convinced many people that species change over timea lot of timesuggesting that the planet was much older than what was commonly believed at the time: six thousand years. He went a short tour, visiting Dundee, St Andrews, Stirling, Glasgow, Belfast and Dublin,[100] then in May made his first trip to London to visit his sister Caroline. Registered Charity Number: 1137540, Lady Margaret Beaufort History Taster Series, Cambridge Colleges Environmental Sustainability Report, International student comments and profiles, Applying from a background with low participation in Higher Education, Important changes to pre-registration required assessment dates for 2022, Lincolnshire Collaborative Outreach Events, School visits to Christ's - practical details. [154] Henslow's letter, read by Peacock and forwarded to Darwin, expected him to eagerly catch at the likely offer of a two-year trip to Terra del Fuego & home by the East Indies, not as "a finished Naturalist", but as a gentleman "amply qualified for collecting, observing, & noting any thing worthy to be noted in Natural History". 5 What countries did Darwin visit on his voyage? This was a text he also had to study for his finals, and he was "convinced that I could have written out the whole of the Evidences with perfect correctness, but not of course in the clear language of Paley." Cuvier held that species were fixed, grouped into four entirely separate embranchements, and any similarity of structures between species was merely due to functional needs. Darwin often sat with him to hear tales of the South American rain-forest of Guyana, and later remembered him as "a very pleasant and intelligent man. ; ; Following a furious debate, the minute of this item was crossed out. The Descent of Man is published, and the Origin is extensively re-written to answer arguments by Mivart. [64] In the preface, Jameson said geology discloses "the history of the first origin of organic beings, and traces their gradual developement [sic] from the monade to man himself". When the Beagle left England in 1831 there were 74 men on board. [31][32] A few days later Darwin noted "Erasmus caught a Cuttle fish", wondering if it was "Sepia Loligo",[32] then from his textbooks identified it as Loligo sagittata (a squid). He passed his BA examination on 22 January, stayed up in Cambridge for two further terms and returned to The Mount, his home in Shrewsbury, in mid-June. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Later, during his Edinburgh years, his passion for hunting became so great that his father was afraid that he would become an "idle hunting man." PDF | 1831 was a momentous year for Charles Darwin. [61] He "had much interesting natural-history talk" with the curator, William MacGillivray, who later published a book on the birds of Scotland. He found in Lamarck's similar uniformitarian theoretical framework a similar idea that spontaneously generated simple animal monads continually improved in complexity and perfection, while use or disuse of features to adapt to environmental changes diversified species and genera. Cambridge, CB2 3BU, UK The judgement was "Every man for himself". As well as field lectures, the course made full use of the Royal Museum of the University which Jameson had developed into one of the largest in Europe. The Father of Evolution went on to have many more culinary adventures aboard the HMS Beagle, where he was willingly fed armadillos, which taste & look like duck, and an unnamed, 20-pound chocolate-colored rodent which, he announced, was the best meat I ever tasted. He passed his BA examination on 22 January, stayed up in Cambridge for two further terms and returned to The Mount, his home in Shrewsbury, in mid-June. [123] On 18 May Darwin wrote to Fox enthusing about his success with beetle collecting, "I think I beat Jenyns in Colymbetes", contrasted with his lack of application to studies: "my time is solely occupied in riding & Entomologizing". He is buried in Westminster Abbey in London, England. Charles Darwin's education gave him a foundation in the doctrine of Creation prevalent throughout the West at the time, as well as knowledge of medicine and theology. From August of 1831 through 1836, he signed as a naturalist on a . [144] When Sedgwick mentioned the effects of a local spring from a chalk hill depositing lime on twigs, Charles rode out to find the spring and threw a bush in, then later brought back the white coated spray which Sedgwick exhibited in class, inspiring others to do the same. Grant was active in the Plinian and on the council of the Wernerian Society, where he took Darwin as a guest to meetings. [70], Like Lamarck, Grant investigated marine invertebrates, particularly sponges as naturalists disputed whether they were plants or animals. Then one burst spraying out "numberless granules". These ideas had suited the conditions of reasonable rule prevailing when the text was published in 1785, but in 1830 they were dangerous ideas. The Beagle voyage of Charles Darwin. Buoyed by Joseph Dalton Hookers response to his earlier drafts of evolutionary theory, Darwin finishes a 231 page manuscript. Although several biographers since the 1980s have referred to these rooms as traditionally having been occupied by the theologian William Paley, research by John van Wyhe found that historical documentation did not support this idea.[121]. Charles became the "favourite pupil", known as "the man who walks with Henslow", helping to find specimens and to set up "practicals" dissecting plants. After spending some time brushing up on his forgotten Greek, Darwin enters Christ's College, Cambridge. Darwin conducts experiments to prove that seeds, plants and animals could reach oceanic islands, where they might produce new species in geographic isolation. [70][71], Funded by a small inheritance, Grant went to Paris University in 1815, to study with Cuvier, the leading comparative anatomist, and his rival Geoffroy. This impatience was very foolish, and in after years I have deeply regretted that I did not proceed far enough at least to understand something of the great leading principles of mathematics, for men thus endowed seem to have an extra sense". He arrived home at The Mount, Shrewsbury, on 29 August, and found a letter from John Stevens Henslow. Darwin attends Shrewsbury School as a boarder. Doctor Robert also followed Erasmus in being a freethinker, but as a wealthy society physician was more discreet and attended the Church of England patronised by his clients. Darwin is removed from school, being deemed unsuccessful, and spends the summer accompanying his father on his doctor's rounds. Darwin was accepted as a "pensioner", having paid his fees, on 15 October 1827, but did not attend Cambridge until the Lent Term which began on 13 January 1828. Countdown to DarwIN Festival . Later, on the Beagle expedition, he saw evidence which challenged Paley's rose-tinted view, but at this time he was convinced that the Christian revelation established "a future state of reward and punishment" which "gives order for confusion: makes the moral world of a piece with the natural". [110][113], Around this time he wrote to John Coldstream, asking after him, expressing "greif" about hearing that Coldstream had "entirely forsworn Natural History", and assuring him "that no pursuit is more becoming for a physician than Nat: Hist". [83] As recalled in his autobiography, he made "one interesting little discovery" that "the so-called ova of Flustra had the power of independent movement by means of cilia, and were in fact larv", and also that little black globular bodies found sticking to empty oyster shells, once thought to be the young of Fucus loreus, were egg-cases (cocoons) of the Pontobdella muricata (skate leech). St. Chad's is the official "civic church" of Shrewsbury. What job did Darwin take after graduating from university? His father gave him "a 200 note" to pay his college debts. However, Darwin made no mention of Henslow in his letters to Fox. Structure and distribution of Coral Reefs is published. He did, however, love science and was always asking questions. 6 How many people were on the HMS Beagle? After the meeting, he begins writing for publication, encouraged by Lyell, who feared that others might publish the same work before him. Born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, on February 12, 1809, Darwin was the fifth child of a wealthy and sophisticated family. Such science was religion, and could not be heretical. [75] In the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal Grant revealed that sponges had cilia to draw in water and expel waste, and their "ova" (larvae) were self-propelled by cilia in "spontaneous motion" like that seen by Cavolini in "ova" of the soft coral Gorgonia. "[41] This was the first use of the word "evolved" in a modern sense,[42] and the first significant statement to relate Lamarck's concepts to the geological fossil record. [89] Newhaven dredge boats had provided the Flustra carbasea specimens, when "highly magnified" the "ciliae of the ova" were "seen in rapid motion", and "That such ova had organs of motion does not appear to have been hitherto observed either by Lamarck Cuvier Lamouroux or any other author." This was Fox's last term before his BA exam, and he now had to cram desperately to make up for lost time. These included James Stephens, author of Illustrations of British Entomology. Darwin was more interested in his zoology and geology classes. Darwin invites Huxley and other naturalists to a weekend party, where they discuss his ideas on the origin of species. [150], On 4 August 1831 Sedgwick arrived in his gig at The Mount, Shrewsbury, to take Charles as his assistant on a short geological expedition mapping strata in Wales. The captain and crew of the HMS Beagle originally planned to spend two years on their trip around the world. The Church saw natural history as revealing God's underlying plan and as supporting the existing social hierarchy. "[11], His father decided that he should leave school earlier than usual, and in 1825 at the age of sixteen Charles was to go along with his brother who was to attend the University of Edinburgh for a year to obtain medical qualifications. Darwin starts at Unitarian day school. "[147] In efforts to learn the basics of geology he extended his mapping of strata as far away as Llanymynech, some 16 miles (26km) from Shrewsbury, using the terminology he had learnt in Edinburgh from Robert Jameson. He described these "extremely rare" insects and asked Herbert to oblige him by collecting some more of them. Darwins mother dies; his 3 older sisters take on maternal responsibilities. There were three hours in the morning on the classics and three in the afternoon on the New Testament and Paley. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Almost fifty years after the course, Darwin recalled Jameson giving a field lecture at Salisbury Crags, "discoursing on a trap-dyke" with "volcanic rocks all around us", saying it was "a fissure filled with sediment from above, adding with a sneer that there were men who maintained that it had been injected from beneath in a molten condition. [103][104] While indulging his hobby of shooting with his family's friends at the nearby Woodhouse estate of William Mostyn Owen, Darwin flirted with his second daughter, Frances Mostyn Owen. As well as the shores of the Forth, he and Ainsworth took boat trips to Fife and the islands. For his own interests, and to meet other students, he joined Robert Jameson's natural history course which started on 8 November. [52][53] The Wernerian was visited by John James Audubon three times that winter,[54][55] and Darwin saw his lectures on the habits of North American birds. What are the physical state of oxygen at room temperature? He was the naturalist on the voyage. Student resentment against two unpopular Proctors built up, and on 9 April 1829 a tumult broke out. The 1250 print run of 1859 is oversubscribed, and Darwin starts corrections for a second edition. James Lewis. and then to the Council of the Royal Geographical Society. They also visited "the old Dr. Duncan",[24][25] who spoke with the warmest affection about his student and friend Charles Darwin (Darwin's uncle) who had died in 1778. He bought Jameson's 1821 Manual of Mineralogy, its first part classifies minerals comprehensively on the system of Friedrich Mohs, the second part includes concepts of field geology such as defining strike and dip of strata. What were Darwins 3 important observations? He went partridge shooting at Maer before returning home.[131]. 4 Did Charles Darwin travel around the world? Sedgwick aimed to investigate and correct possible errors in George Greenough's geological map of 1820, and to trace the fossil record to the earliest times to rebut the uniformitarian ideas just published by Charles Lyell. [135] Paley's benevolent God acted in nature though uniform and universal laws, not arbitrary miracles or changes of laws, and this use of secondary laws provided a theodicy explaining the problem of evil by separating nature from direct divine action. They had more amusement from concluding each meeting with "a game of mild vingt-et-un". [107][108], His father was unhappy that his younger son would not become a physician and "was very properly vehement against my turning into an idle sporting man, which then seemed my probable destination." [12] Charles spent the summer as an apprentice doctor, helping his father with treating the poor of Shropshire. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. He borrowed similar books from the library,[29] and also read Fleming's Philosophy of Zoology. For Charles it was an "Entomo-Mathematical expedition". What did armadillos taste like to Darwin? Childhood games included inventing and writing out complex secret codes. [95][82] Darwin was not given credit for what he felt was his discovery,[96] and in 1871, when he discussed "the paltry feeling" of scientific priority with his daughter Henrietta, she got him to repeat the story of "his first introduction to the jealousy of scientific men"; when he had seen the ova of Flustra move he "rushed instantly to Grant" who, rather than being "delighted with so curious a fact", told Darwin "it was very unfair of him to work at Prof G's subject & in fact that he shd take it ill if my Father published it. [99], Darwin left Edinburgh in late April, just 18 years old. Darwin is awarded the Copley medal of the Royal Society (after being nominated three years running). When Herbert said that he could not, Darwin replied "Neither can I, and therefore I cannot take orders" to become an ordained priest. Darwin finishes his last book describing the Beagle voyages: Geological Observations on South America. Then in November the Tory administration collapsed and the Whigs took over. Darwin's extended family of Darwins and Wedgwoods was strongly Unitarian. Darwin reads his first scientific paper "Observationson the coast of Chile" at the Geological Society in London. Professor Henslow's first "public herborizing expedition" of the year took place in May, an outing on which students assisted with collection of plants. how old was darwin when he left shrewsbury school. What did Darwin do on his journey? Marriage and his position at the university now made the prospect remote, but he still had an unfulfilled ambition to "explore regions but little known, and enrich science with new species."[140]. With the habits of an egg-collector, he popped one ground beetle in his mouth to free his hand, but it ejected some intensely acrid fluid which burnt his tongue and Darwin was forced to spit it out. Though "useless as regards his profession", for "a man of enlarged curiosity, it affords him such an opportunity of seeing men and things as happens to few". This made him realise "that science consists in grouping facts so that general laws or conclusions may be drawn from them." [6], As had been planned previously, in September 1818 Charles joined his older brother Erasmus Alvey Darwin (nicknamed "Eras") in staying as a boarder at the Shrewsbury School, where he loathed the required rote learning, and would try to visit home when he could, but also made many friends and developed interests. It was unique in Britain, covering a wide range of topics including geology, zoology, mineralogy, meteorology and botany. After correspondence with Wallace (who had come up with a semmingly identical theory), and advised by Hooker and Lyell, extracts from Darwin's work and a paper by Wallace are presented at the Linnean Society. Darwin joined other Cambridge friends on a three-month "reading party" at Barmouth on the coast of Wales to revise their studies with private tutors. Charles Darwin died in 1882 at the age of seventy-three. Darwin added that "I am going to learn to stuff birds, from a blackamoor he only charges one guinea, for an hour every day for two months". We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In addition, "Some goodnatured Cambridge man has made me a most magnificent anonymous present of a Microscope: did ever hear of such a delightful piece of luck? "[69], Grant's doctoral dissertation, prepared in 1813, cited Erasmus Darwin's Zonomia which suggested that over geological time all organic life could have gradually arisen from a kind of "living filament" capable of heritable self-improvement. After a heart attack on Christmas, followed by seizures, Charles Darwin dies, in great suffering, at Down House. That's according to Jon King, founder of the Darwin Shrewsbury Festival held here in February each year. He was best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. [Notes on a zoological walk to Portobello]. [112] Darwin came into residence in Cambridge on 26 January 1828, and matriculated at the University's Senate House on 26 February. Herbert assisted with the insect collecting, but the usual outcome was that Darwin would examine Herbert's collecting bottle and say "Well, old Cherbury, none of these will do. From 1831 to 1836, Darwin then a trainee Anglican parson served as an unpaid naturalist on a science expedition on board HMS Beagle. As a . Darwin, C. R. c. 1827. "[128], On the specific issue of his mathematical education, Darwin came to regret his lack of ability and application: "I attempted mathematics, and even went during the summer of 1828 with a private tutor (a very dull man) to Barmouth, but I got on very slowly. [2][3], As a young child at The Mount, Darwin avidly collected animal shells, postal franks, bird's eggs, pebbles and minerals. [50] Darwin found the meetings stimulating and attended 17, missing only one. [48][49] A week later, Darwin was elected, as was William R. Greg (17) who offered a controversial talk to prove "the lower animals possess every faculty & propensity of the human mind", in a materialist view of nature as just physical forces. About 10 o'clock he received word from his uncle that they should go to The Mount at once. That summer, amongst horse riding and beetle collecting, Charles visited his cousin Fox, and this time Charles was teaching entomology to his older cousin. Back at Cambridge, Charles studied hard for his Little Go preliminary exam, as a fail would mean a re-sit the following year. His experiences and observations helped him develop the theory of evolution through natural selection.

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